History+of+US+Interventions+in+Latin+America,+Marc+Becker

Marc Becker, Latin American History Resources
=History of U.S. Interventions in Latin America=


 * **Location** || **Period** || **Type of Force** || **Comments on U.S. Role** ||
 * Argentina || 1890 || Troops || Buenos Aires interests protected ||
 * Chile || 1891 || Troops || Marines clash with nationalist rebels ||
 * Haiti || 1891 || Troops || Black workers revolt on U.S.-claimed Navassa Island defeated ||
 * Nicaragua || 1894 || Troops || Month-long occupation of Bluefields ||
 * Panama || 1895 || Naval, troops || Marines land in Colombian province ||
 * Nicaragua || 1896 || Troops || Marines land in port of Corinto ||
 * Cuba || 1898- || Naval, troops || Seized from Spain, U.S. still holds Navy base at Guantanamo ||
 * Puerto Rico || 1898- || Naval, troops || Seized from Spain, occupation continues ||
 * Nicaragua || 1898 || Troops || Marines land at port of San Juan del Sur ||
 * Nicaragua || 1899 || Troops || Marines land at port of Bluefields ||
 * Honduras || 1903 || Troops || Marines intervene in revolution ||
 * Dominican Republic || 03-Apr || Troops || U.S. interests protected in Revolution ||
 * Cuba || 06-Sep || Troops || Marines land in democratic election ||
 * Nicaragua || 1907 || Troops || "Dollar Diplomacy" protectorate set up ||
 * Honduras || 1907 || Troops || Marines land during war with Nicaragua ||
 * Panama || 1908 || Troops || Marines intervene in election contest ||
 * Nicaragua || 1910 || Troops || Marines land in Bluefields and Corinto ||
 * Honduras || 1911 || Troops || U.S. interests protected in civil war ||
 * Cuba || 1912 || Troops || U.S. interests protected in Havana ||
 * Panama || 1912 || Troops || Marines land during heated election ||
 * Honduras || 1912 || Troops || Marines protect U.S. economic interests ||
 * Nicaragua || 1912-33 || Troops, bombing || 20-year occupation, fought guerrillas ||
 * Mexico || 1913 || Naval || Americans evacuated during revolution ||
 * Dominican Republic || 1914 || Naval || Fight with rebels over Santo Domingo ||
 * Mexico || 1914-18 || Naval, troops || Series of interventions against nationalists ||
 * Haiti || 1914-34 || Troops, bombing || 19-year occupation after revolts ||
 * Dominican Republic || 1916-24 || Troops || 8-year Marine occupation ||
 * Cuba || 1917-33 || Troops || Military occupation, economic protectorate ||
 * Panama || 1918-20 || Troops || "Police duty" during unrest after elections ||
 * Honduras || 1919 || Troops || Marines land during election campaign ||
 * Guatemala || 1920 || Troops || 2-week intervention against unionists ||
 * Costa Rica || 1921 || Troops ||  ||
 * Panama || 1921 || Troops ||  ||
 * Honduras || 1924-25 || Troops || Landed twice during election strife ||
 * Panama || 1925 || Troops || Marines suppress general strike ||
 * El Salvador || 1932 || Naval || Warships sent during Faribundo Marti revolt ||
 * Uruguay || 1947 || Nuclear threat || Bombers deployed as show of strength ||
 * Puerto Rico || 1950 || Command operation || Independence rebellion crushed in Ponce ||
 * Guatemala || 1954-? || Command operation, bombing, nuclear threat || CIA directs exile invasion and coup d'Etat after newly elected government nationalizes unused U.S.'s United Fruit Company lands; bombers based in Nicaragua; long-term result: 200,000 murdered ||
 * Panama || 1958 || Troops || Flag protests erupt into confrontation ||
 * Cuba || 1961 || Command operation || CIA-directed exile invasion fails ||
 * Cuba || 1962 || Nuclear threat, naval || Blockade during missile crisis; near-war with Soviet Union ||
 * Panama || 1964 || Troops || Panamanians shot for urging canal's return ||
 * Dominican Republic || 1965-66 || Troops, bombing || Marines land during election campaign ||
 * Guatemala || 1966-67 || Command operation || Green Berets intervene against rebels ||
 * Chile || 1973 || Command operation || CIA-backed coup ousts democratically elected Marxist president ||
 * El Salvador || 1981-92 || Command operation, troops || Advisors, overflights aid anti-rebel war, soldiers briefly involved in hostage clash; long-term result: 75,000 murdered and destruction of popular movement ||
 * Nicaragua || 1981-90 || Command operation, naval || CIA directs exile (Contra) invasions, plants harbor mines against revolution; result: 50,000 murdered ||
 * Honduras || 1982-90 || Troops || Maneuvers help build bases near borders ||
 * Grenada || 1983-84 || Troops, bombing || Invasion four years after revolution ||
 * Bolivia || 1987 || Troops || Army assists raids on cocaine region ||
 * Panama || 1989 || Troops, bombing || Nationalist government ousted by 27,000 soldiers, leaders arrested, 2000+ killed ||
 * Haiti || 1994-95 || Troops, naval || Blockade against military government; troops restore President Aristide to office three years after coup ||
 * Venezuela || 2002 || Command operation || Failed coup attempt to remove left-populist president Hugo Chavez ||
 * Haiti || 2004- || Troops || Removal of democratically elected President Aristide; troops occupy country ||


 * Sources**:

Blum, William. //Killing Hope: U.S. Military and CIA Interventionism Since World War II//. Monroe, Maine: Common Courage Press, 1995.

Ege & Makhijani. "180 Landings by the U.S. Marine Corps" (History Division), //Counterspy// (July-Aug. 1982). Foreign Affairs Division, Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress.

Richard Grimmet, //[|Instances of Use of Armed Forces Abroad, 1798-2001]//. CRS Report for Congress, 2002.

Grossman, Zoltan. //Over a Century of U.S. Military Interventions//. Self-published, revised Jan. 1, 1995.

Sklar, Holly. "Who's Who: Invading 'Our' Hemisphere 1831-," //Z Magazine// (Feb. 1990).

U.S. Congress, Committee on Foreign Affairs' Report. //Background Information on the Use of United States Armed Forces in Foreign Countries//. Washington, D.C.: 91st Congress, 2nd Session, 1970.

Zinn, Howard. //A People's History of the United States//. New York: Perennial Library, Harper & Row, 1980.

Also see Zoltan Grossman, [|From Wounded Knee to Iraq] (A Chronology of U.S. Imperialism)


 * From: http://www2.truman.edu/~marc/resources/interventions.html**

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