Critical+Pedagogy



=**Critical Pedagogy**=

Pedagogy is the study of teaching and learning. The Communist University has found inspiration in the work of the late Paulo Freire, author of "The Pedagogy of the Oppressed".

This section is designed to state the basics of "Critical Pedagogy" as this body of theory and practice is now known thanks to Paulo Freire's successor, Peter McLaren.

Below listed a number of links to texts within this site and elsewhere, providing a concise Critical Pedagogy resource for the assistance of others who may wish to use our courses or make their own, and conduct study circles elsewhere in Africa or anywhere else in the world.


 * Short texts on Critical Pedagogy:**
 * Johannesburg Communist University, Critical Pedagogy**
 * Paulo Freire, Pedagogy of the Oppressed, Chapter 2**
 * Peter McLaren, Glossary of Freirean Terms**
 * Short Extract from The Wretched of the Earth, by Frantz Fanon, on education, plus concluding exhortation**
 * Dominic Tweedie, Conspectus of Use Your Head, by Tony Buzan**


 * Links**
 * [|Peter McLaren]**
 * [|Vygotsky Archive]**
 * [|Leontyev Archive]**
 * [|Luria Archive]**
 * [|Mikhailov Archive]**
 * [|Ilyenkov Archive]**
 * [|Freire on MIA]**
 * [|Fanon on MIA]**


 * Other Texts**
 * Paulo Freire, Pedagogy of the Oppressed, Chapter 1**
 * Paulo Freire, Pedagogy of the Oppressed, Chapter 3**
 * 1920, Lenin, On Proletarian Culture**
 * 1920, Lenin, to Political Education Workers Conference**
 * 1939, Liu Shaoqi, How to be a good Communist, Chapter 1**
 * 1966, Amilcar Cabral, The Weapon of Theory**
 * 1999, D. L. Paterson, Brief Introduction to Augusto Boal**
 * 2001, Andy Blunden, The Vygotsky School**
 * 2005, McLaren and Fischman, Gramsci, Freire, Organic Intellectuals and Critical Pedagogy**

Pedagogy requires an understanding of the philosophical "Subject". See the texts under "Freedom" and under "Education". Also Marx's "Theses on Feuerbach" and "The Communist Manifesto".
 * Broader Reading**

In terms of the colonial struggle for sovereignty, there are articles by Malik and Shivji under Anti-Imperialism.

Not yet available here are Walter Rodney and Ngugi wa Thiongo.

**What is the purpose of Political Education?**
The main purpose of political education is to prepare cadres who can do the work of the organisation. As soon as a leadership is formed it begins to deplete, because comrades are deployed to higher structures. Others move away. For these reasons the branch needs to generate a steady stream of new cadres who are ready to take up the leadership and administration of the branch.

When political education is carried out consistently, it also becomes a way of recruiting new members. Ordinary citizens may be persuaded to attend classes, even though they might not be ready to pay a membership fee and join the organisation.

At regular and frequent political education gatherings a lot of information can be announced about branch and other activities (e.g. BGMs, campaigns, events of fraternal organisations).

What form does Political Education take?
Because Political Education is intended to contribute to change in the world, it must take the form of a dialogue between people. The "bucket-and-tap" form of presentation, where students are buckets and the teacher is a tap, is no good for the purpose of Political Education.

Therefore the form of Political Education is as follows:

There is a short text. This is given so as to focus dialogue around a particular topic.

There is no lecturer. One of the students has the task of opening the discussion. For the remainder of the session (total time of the session is one and a half hours) the participants discuss.

There is a chairperson. The job of the chairperson is to encourage all participants to join in. The participants are supposed to become political cadres. Therefore they cannot afford to be shy when talking about politics, and still less so when they are safe among their own comrades. The chairperson encourages and protects them.

The process is almost completely self-sustaining. It requires next to no inputs from above: no funding, no prescription, no infrastructure, no supervision, no report-backs, no cost. It requires somebody to get some suitable texts and to distribute them with invitations to attend at a venue and time, according to a schedule. The biggest difficulty is preparing and updating a database and communicating regularly with the people on the list (see below).

Texts
The question of what texts to put in front of a group is not the most critical one. The requirement is that the text must be sufficient to generate dialogue of a political nature between the participants. There must be no sense of indoctrination or drilling involved. There should probably be a good mixture in the first place between classic political texts, on the one hand, and current documents and even journalism. There should be no sense of sectarian division between the Alliance Partners.

Study groups in general, however, would always be well advised to devote an early session or two to the question of why they are there, and how they will work. For example, they could discuss this document. At a session early in their series they should probably discuss something like Chapter Two of Paulo Freire’s "Pedagogy of the Oppressed". It is necessary that they apply their minds to what they are trying to achieve, and why.

The study group has no standing in the democracy of the organisation. It does not elect delegates or vote on motions. As a result it is free from any requirement of coming to decisions or conclusions. Therefore it is not concerned to arrive at any line, orthodox or otherwise. It opens up matters for discussion, bringing them to the attention of participants. It is the other, higher, structures of the organisation that will come to conclusions and make decisions for action.